Red clover
General poisoning notes:
Red clover (Trifolium
pratense) is a common clover that is used in both cultivation for forage
and food for animals. It is also widely naturalized across Canada. Ingesting of
this plant can cause bloat in animals. This plant is also involved in a
condition called congenital joint laxity and dwarfism, which
occurs sporadically across the northern part of British Columbia, Alberta, and
Ontario. This disorder results in teratogenic problems in beef calves when
their dams have overwintered exclusively on clover and grass silage. Red clover
can also develop phytoestrogens, which affect fertility in livestock (Cheeke
and Schull 1985, Ribble et al. 1989).
Nomenclature:
Scientific Name: Trifolium pratense L.
Vernacular
name(s): red clover
Scientific family
name: Leguminosae
Vernacular family
name: pea
Geographic Information
Alberta, British
Columbia, Labrador, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario,
Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon Territory.
Toxic parts:
All parts.
Notes on Toxic plant
chemicals:
Isoflavones, which
are glycosides, can occur in red clover. These chemicals are plant estrogens
that can cause infertility problems in livestock (Cheeke and Schull 1985).
Toxic plant chemicals:
isoflavones
Animals/Human Poisoning:
Note: When an
animal is listed without additional information, the literature (as of 1993)
contained no detailed explanation.
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