Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) G.Don, Hort. Brit. (Sweet), ed. 3. 631 (1839).
Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) G.Don; Photo 123rf.com and projectplants.com.au
Latin Name: Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) G.Don
Family:Araceae; Genus: Alocasia
Synonym Name: Alocasia cordifolia (Bory) Cordem.; Alocasia grandis N.E.Br.; Alocasia indica (Lour.) Spach; Alocasia indica var. diversifolia Engl.; Alocasia indica var. heterophylla Engl.; Alocasia indica var. metallica (Schott) Schott ; Alocasia indica var. rubra (Hassk.) Engl.; Alocasia indica var. typica Engl.; Alocasia indica var. variegata (K.Koch & C.D.Bouché) Engl.; Alocasia macrorrhizos var. rubra (Hassk.) Furtado; Alocasia macrorrhizos var. variegata (K.Koch & C.D.Bouché) Furtado; Alocasia marginata N.E.Br.; Alocasia metallica Schott; Alocasia montana (Roxb.) Schott; Alocasia pallida K.Koch & C.D.Bouché; Alocasia plumbea Van Houtte; Alocasia rapiformis (Roxb.) Schott; Alocasia uhinkii Engl. & K.Krause; Alocasia variegata K.Koch & C.D.Bouché; Arum cordifolium Bory; Arum indicum Lour.; Arum macrorrhizon L.; Arum montanum Roxb.; Arum mucronatum Lam.; Arum peregrinum L.; Arum rapiforme Roxb.; Caladium indicum K.Koch; Caladium macrorrhizon (L.) R.Br.; Caladium metallicum Engl.; Caladium odoratum Lodd.; Caladium plumbeum K.Koch; Calla badian Blanco; Calla maxima Blanco; Colocasia boryi Kunth; Colocasia indica (Lour.) Kunth; Colocasia indica (Lour.) Hassk.; Colocasia indica var. rubra Hassk.; Colocasia macrorrhizos (L.) Schott; Colocasia montana (Roxb.) Kunth; Colocasia mucronata (Lam.) Kunth; Colocasia peregrina (L.) Raf.; Colocasia rapiformis (Roxb.) Kunth; Philodendron peregrinum (L.) Kunth; Philodendron punctatum Kunth
English Name: Giant Alocasia, A1ocasia, Hawaiian giant Taro
Chinese name: 海芋
Vietnamese Name: Ráy cảnh, Ráy voi, Ráy bụi
Description:
A. macrorrhizos is a glabrous, terrestrial herb, normally around 1–1.5 m tall but growing up to 5 m. Plants are acaulescent with a short, conical corm, produce watery sap and develop an elongated caudex with age. Leaves are arranged in a rosette, ascending; blades flattened, ascending, with basal sinus projecting downward, 25–50 (–100) × 20–36 (–100) cm, green (although white-variegated in some cultivars), slightly lustrous, lance-ovate, coriaceous, wavy or slightly plicate along secondary veins, the apex acute or obtuse and apiculate, the base hastate, the sinuses non-overlapping, up to 30 cm long, the margins wavy, with a submarginal vein within 2 mm from the margin; mid-vein broad and conspicuous with 4-7 primary lateral veins per side; lower surface with dark spots on secondary vein angles; petioles 60–100 cm long. Two or more inflorescences subtended by brachts. Peduncles 20–45 cm long; spathe a whitish to yellowish green, oblong tube; spadix 11–32 cm, pistil 3–4 cm long and about 1.5 cm thick. Fruit a fleshy berry, red when mature, globose or ovoid. Seeds 1-2. Flowering: spring to autumn.
Distribution: Growing in mountainous areas at altitude below 1,700m. Distributed in South, Southwest China, Fujian, Taiwan, Hunan and etc. The medicinal materials are mainly produced in Guangdong and Yunnan.
Part Used: Medical part: rhizomes or stem. Chinese name: Haiyu.
Harvest & Processing: Harvested throughout the year, chip off cortex, sliced and bleach in water for 5-7 days, and change water several times, taken out for fresh use or sun-dried it. Mat hand when processing in case of getting poisoned.
Chemistry: Mainly contains vitamins: B1 (thiamin), B2 (riboflavin), and nicotinic acid. Sterols: cholesterol, stigmasterol; esters: glycolipids, phospholipids; fat: linoleic acid and linolenic acid. glycosmisic acid, N-trans-feruloyltyramine, grossamide, protocatechuic acid, borneol acetate, vanillic acid, methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, β-daucosterol, and β-sitosterol.
Pharmacology: Antipyretic and anti-tumor, antioxidant, antimicrobial, thrombolytic, cytotoxic, anthelmintic.
Properties & Actions: Pungent, cold, toxic. Clearing heat-toxin, promoting qi-flowing for suppressing pains, dissipating binds for detumescence.
Indications & Usage: Influenza, common colds, stomachache, pulmonary tuberculosis, rheumatic ostalgia, sores, superficial infection, toxic swelling and scrofula. Oral administration: decocting, 3-9g, fresh products 15-30g (sliced and made brown by stir-heating with rice, boiled till rice get mushy, used by removing residue or used after decocting as long as 2 hours). External application: appropriate amount, smashed for application (not on health skin); or prepared paste; or heated for applying. Toxic, not raw eaten, Not use in cases of physically weak or pregnancies.
Examples
1. Headache and fatigue due to common cold: (wild) Giant Alocasia root wrapped with damp paper, roast, rove on head, forehead, waist and spine, front and back of heart, bends of arm and leg. It can make Your body comfortable.
2. Rheumatic osteodynia: thick slice of wild Giant Alocasia. First place a little camphor onto the center of taro, roast camphor with fire, and apply to lesions when the fire tends to extinguish.
3. Anthracia and sore and furuncle: (wild taro) an appropriate amount of fresh root. Add 30g alcohol, pestle, wrap with (wild taro) leaves, roast hot and apply externaly.
References
- libproject.hkbu.edu.hk
- efloras.org
- theplantlist
- Flach and Rumawas, 1996; Wagner et al., 1999; Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong, 2005
- L.-H. ZhuX.-S. HuangW.-C. YeG.-X. Zhou; Study on chemical constituents of Alocasia macrorrhiza (L.) Schott; 2012, Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences 47(13):1029-1031
- Shimul BanikShimul BanikMd. IbrahimMd. IbrahimMohammad Nurul AminMohammad Nurul Amin; Determination of biological properties of Alocasia macrorrhizos: a medicinal plant; 2014, World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 3(9):193-210
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